AN EVALUATION FRAMEWORK FOR SECOND LANGUAGE LISTENING COURSEBOOKS: PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE
Downloads
Coursebooks are central to second language (L2) listening instruction, yet existing evaluation tools tend to be generic rather than specifically tailored to L2 listening. To offer teachers principled guidance for selecting and evaluating instructional materials, this paper proposes an evaluation framework for L2 listening coursebooks, grounded in theories of listening comprehension, listening assessment, and second language acquisition. The framework comprises seven principles, each operationalized through a guiding question and a set of indicators. An illustrative example is also provided by applying the framework to Listen This Way (Level 4), a coursebook used in undergraduate English programs in the Chinese mainland, demonstrating how the framework supports a systematic evaluation of an L2 listening coursebook. Implications for L2 listening instruction and coursebook design are discussed.
Downloads
Alderson, J. C. (2000). Assessing reading. Cambridge University Press.
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511732935
Anderson, J. R. (1995). Cognitive psychology and its implications (4th ed.). Freeman.
Aryadoust, V. (2024). Topic and accent coverage in a commercialized L2 listening test: Implications for test-takers’ identity. Applied Linguistics, 45(5), 765–785. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amad062
Aryadoust, V., & Luo, L. (2023). The typology of second language listening constructs: A systematic review. Language Testing, 40(2), 375–409. https://doi.org/10.1177/02655322221126604
Bachman, L. F., & Palmer, A. S. (1996). Language testing in practice: Designing and developing useful language tests. Oxford University Press.
Batty, A. O., & Suvorov, R. (2024). Visual cues and listening. In E. Wagner, A. O. Batty, & E. Galaczi (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of second language acquisition and listening (pp. 307–318). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003219552-27
Bax, S. (2012). Text inspector [Online text analysis tool]. https://textinspector.com/
Biber, D. (1988). Variation across speech and writing. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511621024
Bozorgian, H., & Shamsi, E. (2025). A review of research on metacognitive instruction for listening development. International Journal of Listening, 39(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/10904018.2023.2197008
Brown, J. D., & Crowther, D. (2023). Shaping learners’ pronunciation: Teaching the connected speech of North American English. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003144779
Buck, G. (2001). Assessing listening. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511732959
Cubillos, J. H., Chieffo, L., & Fan, C. (2008). The impact of short-term study abroad programs on L2 listening comprehension skills. Foreign Language Annals, 41(1), 157–186. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1944-9720.2008.tb03284.x
Cunningsworth, A. (1995). Choosing your coursebook. Heinemann.
Ellis, R. (1997). The empirical evaluation of language teaching materials. ELT Journal, 51(1), 36–42. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/51.1.36
Field, J. (2004). An insight into listeners’ problems: Too much bottom-up or too much top-down? System, 32(3), 363–377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2004.05.002
Field, J. (2008). Listening in the language classroom. Cambridge University Press.
Field, J. (2013). Cognitive validity. In A. Geranpayeh & L. Taylor (Eds.), Examining listening: Research and practice in assessing second language listening (pp. 77–151). Cambridge University Press.
Galaczi, E., & Taylor, L. (2018). Interactional competence: Conceptualisations, operationalisations, and outstanding questions. Language Assessment Quarterly, 15(3), 219–236. https://doi.org/10.1080/15434303.2018.1453816
Galloway, N., & Rose, H. (2018). Incorporating Global Englishes into the ELT classroom. ELT Journal, 72(1), 3–14. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/ccx010
Gilmore, A. (2004). A comparison of textbook and authentic interactions. ELT Journal, 58(4), 363–374. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/58.4.363
Goh, C. (2008). Metacognitive instruction for second language listening development: Theory, practice and research implications. RELC Journal, 39(2), 188–213. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033688208092184
Goh, C. C. M., & Aryadoust, V. (2025). Developing and assessing second language listening and speaking: Does AI make it better? Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 45, 179–199. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0267190525100111
Goh, C. C. M., & Vandergrift, L. (2022). Teaching and learning second language listening: Metacognition in action (2nd ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429287749
Harding, L. (2012). Accent, listening assessment and the potential for a shared-L1 advantage: A DIF perspective. Language Testing, 29(2), 163–180. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265532211421161
Hill, D. A., & Tomlinson, B. (2013). Coursebook listening activities. In B. Tomlinson (Ed.), Developing materials for language teaching (2nd ed., pp. 429–442). Bloomsbury.
Hutchinson, T., & Torres, E. (1994). The textbook as agent of change. ELT Journal, 48(4), 315–328. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/48.4.315
In’nami, Y., Koizumi, R., Jeon, E. H., & Arai, Y. (2022). L2 listening and its correlates: A meta-analysis. In E. H. Jeon & Y. In’nami (Eds.), Understanding L2 proficiency: Theoretical and meta-analytic investigations (pp. 235–283). John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/bpa.13.08inn
Jones, C. (2022). Authenticity in language teaching materials. In J. Norton & H. Buchanan (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of materials development for language teaching (pp. 65–77). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/b22783-7
Kachru, B. B. (1985). Standards, codification and sociolinguistic realism: English language in the outer circle. In R. Quirk & H. Widdowson (Eds.), English in the world: Teaching and learning the language and literatures (pp. 11–30). Cambridge University Press.
Kang, O., Yan, X., Kostromitina, M., Thomson, R., & Isaacs, T. (2024). Fairness of using different English accents: The effect of shared L1s in listening tasks of the Duolingo English test. Language Testing, 41(2), 263–289. https://doi.org/10.1177/02655322231179134
Karakaş, A. (2024). Supporting the teaching of global Englishes language teaching (GELT) through Voki. RELC Journal, 55(3), 876–880. https://doi.org/10.1177/00336882231199515
Krashen, S. D. (1981). Second language acquisition and second language learning (1st ed.). Pergamon Press.
Kwon, S. K., & Yu, G. (2024). The effect of viewing visual cues in a listening comprehension test on second language learners’ test-taking process and performance: An eye-tracking study. Language Testing, 41(3), 649–680. https://doi.org/10.1177/02655322241239356
Littlejohn, A. (2011). The analysis of language teaching materials: Inside the Trojan Horse. In B. Tomlinson (Ed.), Materials development in language teaching (2nd ed., pp. 179–211). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781139042789.011
Matsuda, A. (2019). World Englishes in English language teaching: Kachru’s six fallacies and the TEIL paradigm. World Englishes, 38(1–2), 144–154. https://doi.org/10.1111/weng.12368
McCarthy, M. (2010). Spoken fluency revisited. English Profile Journal, 1, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2041536210000012
McCarthy, M., & Carter, R. (1995). Spoken grammar: What is it and how can we teach it? ELT Journal, 49(3), 207–218. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/49.3.207
McDonough, J., Shaw, C., & Masuhara, H. (2013). Materials and methods in ELT: A teacher’s guide (3rd ed.). Wiley-Blackwell.
Mukundan, J., & Ahour, T. (2011). A review of textbook evaluation checklists across four decades (1970–2008). In B. Tomlinson & H. Masuhara (Eds.), Research for materials development in language learning: Evidence for best practice (pp. 336–352). Bloomsbury Publishing Plc. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781474211949.ch-021
Ockey, G. J., & Wagner, E. (Eds.). (2018). Assessing L2 listening: Moving towards authenticity. John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/lllt.50
Renandya, W. A., & Hu, G. (2018). L2 listening in China: An examination of current practice. In A. Burns & J. Siegel (Eds.), International perspectives on teaching the four skills in ELT (pp. 37–50). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63444-9_3
Richards, J. C. (2005). Second thoughts on teaching listening. RELC Journal, 36(1), 85–92. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033688205053484
Richards, J. C. (2014). The ELT textbook. In S. Garton & K. Graves (Eds.), International perspectives on materials in ELT (pp. 19–36). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137023315_2
Rukthong, A. (2021). MC listening questions vs. integrated listening-to-summarize tasks: What listening abilities do they assess? System, 97, 102439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2020.102439
Rukthong, A., & Brunfaut, T. (2020). Is anybody listening? The nature of second language listening in integrated listening-to-summarize tasks. Language Testing, 37(1), 31–53. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265532219871470
Sueyoshi, A., & Hardison, D. M. (2005). The role of gestures and facial cues in second language listening comprehension. Language Learning, 55(4), 661–699. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0023-8333.2005.00320.x
Suvorov, R. (2015). The use of eye tracking in research on video-based second language (L2) listening assessment: A comparison of context videos and content videos. Language Testing, 32(4), 463–483. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265532214562099
Syrbe, M., & Rose, H. (2018). An evaluation of the global orientation of English textbooks in Germany. Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, 12(2), 152–163. https://doi.org/10.1080/17501229.2015.1120736
Taylor, L., & Geranpayeh, A. (2011). Assessing listening for academic purposes: Defining and operationalising the test construct. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 10(2), 89–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeap.2011.03.002
Tomlinson, B. (Ed.). (2013). Developing materials for language teaching (2nd ed.). Bloomsbury.
Vandergrift, L., & Tafaghodtari, M. H. (2010). Teaching L2 learners how to listen does make a difference: An empirical study. Language Learning, 60(2), 470–497. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9922.2009.00559.x
Vettorel, P., & Lopriore, L. (2013). Is there ELF in ELT coursebooks? Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 3(4), 483–504. https://doi.org/10.14746/ssllt.2013.3.4.3
Wagner, E. (2008). Video listening tests: What are they measuring? Language Assessment Quarterly, 5(3), 218–243. https://doi.org/10.1080/15434300802213015
Wagner, E. (2010). Test-takers’ interaction with an L2 video listening test. System, 38(2), 280–291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2010.01.003
Wagner, E. (2014). Using unscripted spoken texts in the teaching of second language listening. TESOL Journal, 5(2), 288–311. https://doi.org/10.1002/tesj.120
Wagner, E. (2018). Texts for listening instruction and assessment. In J. Liontas (Ed.), The TESOL encyclopedia of English language teaching (pp. 1544–1555). Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118784235.eelt0626
Wagner, E., & Toth, P. D. (2014). Teaching and testing L2 Spanish listening using scripted vs. unscripted texts. Foreign Language Annals, 47(3), 404–422. https://doi.org/10.1111/flan.12091
Weir, C. J. (2005). Language testing and validation: An evidence-based approach. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230514577
Yeldham, M., & Gruba, P. (2014). Toward an instructional approach to developing interactive second language listening. Language Teaching Research, 18(1), 33–53. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362168813505395

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.





